01. A body-control ECU is under test in a HiL environment. The tester has to observe how the ECU behaves when a CAN message sent by another ECU is lost while the system is running.
Which way of injecting this fault fits the situation?
a) Simulating the interface defect at run time with a fault insertion unit (FIU) in the HiL environment.
b) Simulating the defect in a SiL environment using a debugger or the Universal Measurement and Calibration Protocol (XCP).
c) Manipulating the physical test object to insert the defect, as classic fault injection does.
d) Changing the system specification so that the message timeout parameter is set too low.
02. A charging-flap release function evaluates the decision E = B1 AND (B2 OR B3). The following test cases have been executed:
- TC1: B1 = TRUE, B2 = FALSE, B3 = FALSE, E = FALSE
- TC2: B1 = TRUE, B2 = FALSE, B3 = TRUE, E = TRUE
- TC3: B1 = TRUE, B2 = TRUE, B3 = FALSE, E = TRUE
- TC4: B1 = FALSE, B2 = TRUE, B3 = FALSE, E = FALSE
Which pair of test cases shows that condition B3 independently influences the decision outcome?
a) TC2 and TC3
b) TC1 and TC4
c) TC1 and TC3
d) TC1 and TC2
03. A functional regression suite of several hundred tests has to be re-run for every weekly software delivery. A small number of those tests depend on the response times of the target hardware and on the traffic of the real bus; the rest check functional suitability and the interfaces. Time on the HiL bench is scarce and is shared with three other teams.
How should this test extent be assigned to the XiL test environments?
a) Run the whole suite weekly in the HiL test environment, because only that environment is close enough to reality for the functional and the timing results to be trusted.
b) Run the whole suite weekly in both the SiL and the HiL test environments, to make any difference in behavior and in timing show up and be investigated at once.
c) Run the functional suitability and interface tests weekly in the SiL test environment, and reserve the HiL test environment for the tests that depend on the target hardware and the real bus.
d) Run the whole suite weekly in the SiL test environment, because a regression suite has to stay in one environment to remain comparable.
04. A rear-window heater is switched on when the decision E = (B1 OR B2) AND B3 evaluates to true. Three test cases have been designed so far:
- TC1: B1 = TRUE, B2 = FALSE, B3 = TRUE, E = TRUE
- TC2: B1 = FALSE, B2 = FALSE, B3 = TRUE, E = FALSE
- TC3: B1 = FALSE, B2 = TRUE, B3 = TRUE, E = TRUE
Which further test case completes 100% modified condition/decision coverage?
a) B1 = TRUE, B2 = TRUE, B3 = TRUE
b) B1 = TRUE, B2 = TRUE, B3 = FALSE
c) B1 = TRUE, B2 = FALSE, B3 = FALSE
c) B1 = FALSE, B2 = FALSE, B3 = FALSE
05. A requirement for a chassis-control ECU defines a numeric threshold on a linear value range. The product risk analysis finds that exceeding the threshold produces only a logged diagnostic entry, with no effect on vehicle behavior, and rates the risk as low.
Applying the context-dependent selection criteria, what should the tester conclude?
a) Testing this boundary is not justified, because exceeding the threshold carries no relevant impact.
b) Testing this boundary is mandatory, because the value range is linear and the technique applies.
c) Testing this boundary should give way to fault injection, because a low product risk shifts the focus towards robustness.
d) Testing this boundary is mandatory, because a deviation from a technique that a standard recommends is not permitted.
06. A supplier compares an executable model of a door-control function with the C code generated from that model. The same test cases run on both, and the results are compared pair by pair.
Which statement describes how the requirements and the model are used in this back-to-back test?
a) The requirements supply the expected results, while the model is used only to derive the test inputs.
b) The requirements are the basis for deriving the test inputs, while the model supplies the expected results as a pseudo-oracle.
c) The two test objects must implement different requirements, so that the comparison can reveal which implementation performs better.
d) Identical results prove that both test objects are free of defects, so there is no need to analyze any difference that appears.
07. A supplier develops one body-control ECU for a single car model. No function is added to the catalog during the model year, but customers can order the model with many different option packages, and each package combination selects a different subset of that catalog, changing which functions the ECU has to provide and how they interact.
Which aspect of automotive product development does this situation describe?
a) The increased quality requirements, since customers expect the same or higher quality despite more functions.
b) The increasing number of models, whose development and production costs producers cover by building models as varieties of a common platform.
c) The increasing number of configurations, which follows from customers adjusting one car model to their individual wishes.
d) The increasing range of functionality, which grows because customers ask for innovations while the existing functions are kept.
08. A supplier's C source code for an engine-control ECU has to comply with the MISRA-C guidelines, and the quality manager asks the tester how that compliance will be demonstrated.
Which two statements about the MISRA-C guidelines are correct?
(Choose two.)
a) Directives are fully verified by static analysis tools, because they describe details of the development process.
b) Rules are verifiable by static analysis tools, for example a rule that forbids nested comments in the source code.
c) Advisory guidelines must be followed without exception, while required guidelines allow officially approved exceptions.
d) An organization may raise the level of obligation of a guideline, but it may never lower it.
09. An OEM withdraws a connected-services platform from the market. Before the old platform is switched off, the stored vehicle and customer data must be transferred to a successor platform, and the tester is asked to plan the test activity for that step.
Which stage of the system lifecycle is reached, and which test activity is typical for it?
a) Utilization, with monitoring of the platform in customer operation as its typical test activity.
b) Retirement, with migration testing of the decommissioning and the data transfer.
c) Production, with end-of-line testing that verifies the readiness of what has been built.
d) Support, with maintenance testing that keeps the platform reliable while it is in service.
10. The requirements for the interior lighting of a vehicle are listed below.
- R1: When the driver's door is unlocked, the interior lighting shall switch on at full brightness within 300 ms.
- R2: When the ignition is switched on, the interior lighting shall dim to 20% brightness over 2 seconds.
- R3: When the vehicle is locked, the interior lighting shall switch off within 1 second.
- R4: When the ignition is switched on, the interior lighting shall remain at full brightness until the driver's door is closed.
Reviewing this set against the ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148 quality characteristics relevant to testers, which finding is correct?
a) R3 is not complete, because it is built upon knowledge from past experience.
b) R2 is not singular, because it can be divided into meaningful partial requirements.
c) R1 is not verifiable, because it states no acceptance condition that a test could measure.
d) R4 is not consistent, because it contradicts R2 for the same trigger.